Psychedelic-assisted therapy: Magical thinking or a meaningful treatment for mental illness

Authors

  • Megha Kodancha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33178/SMJ.2024.1.13

Keywords:

Mental Health, Psychedelics

Abstract

Psychedelics are psychoactive substances that are known to alter perception, alter mood, and affect numerous cognitive processes. Throughout history, psychedelics were utilized in ceremonies and rituals, and in the 20th century, their utilization in psychiatry began. In the 1960s they became a banned substance and are only recently being revisited for their benefits. The main forms of psychedelic substances being studied today are Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for addiction therapy, Psilocybin for palliative care, and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper focuses on the benefits of utilizing psychedelics for specific psychiatric conditions and is meant to encourage further research into this domain of Psychiatry.

     

References

Nichols DE. Psychedelics. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Apr;68(2):264-355. doi: 10.1124/ pr.115.011478. Erratum in: Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Apr;68(2):356. PMID: 26841800; PMCID: PMC4813425. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Pollan, M. (2019). How to change your mind. Penguin. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

How to Change Your Mind: Netflix Official Site. (2022, July 12). Retrieved January 16, 2023, from https://www.netflix.com/title/80229847

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021, April 13). What is the history of MDMA? National Institutes of Health. Retrieved January 16, 2023, from https://nida.nih.gov/ publications/research-reports/mdma-ecstasyabuse/what-is-the-history-of-mdma

Glavonic E, Mitic M, Adzic M. Hallucinogenic drugs and their potential for treating fear-related disorders: Through the lens of fear extinction. J Neurosci Res. 2022 Apr;100(4):947-969. doi: 10.1002/jnr.25017. Epub 2022 Feb 15. PMID: 35165930. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Feduccia AA, Mithoefer MC. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 8;84(Pt A):221-228. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Mar 7. PMID: 29524515. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Sessa B. MDMA and PTSD treatment: "PTSD: From novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics". Neurosci Lett. 2017 May 10;649:176-180. doi: 10.1016/j. neulet.2016.07.004. Epub 2016 Jul 6. PMID: 27394687. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Mitchell JM, Bogenschutz M, Lilienstein A, Harrison C, Kleiman S, Parker-Guilbert K, Ot'alora G M, Garas W, Paleos C, Gorman I, Nicholas C, Mithoefer M, Carlin S, Poulter B, Mithoefer A, Quevedo S, Wells G, Klaire SS, van der Kolk B, Tzarfaty K, Amiaz R, Worthy R, Shannon S, Woolley JD, Marta C, Gelfand Y, Hapke E, Amar S, Wallach Y, Brown R, Hamilton S, Wang JB, Coker A, Matthews R, de Boer A, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Doblin R. MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a 113 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nat Med. 2021 Jun;27(6):1025-1033. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01336-3. Epub 2021 May 10. PMID: 33972795; PMCID: PMC8205851. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;30(12):1181- 1197. doi: 10.1177/0269881116675513. PMID: 27909165; PMCID: PMC5367557. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Valentine H, Grant J, Ali A, Ngwa W, Gordon L. The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin. Molecules. 2021 May 15;26(10):2948. doi: 10.3390/molecules26102948. PMID: 34063505; PMCID: PMC8156539. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Agin-Liebes GI, Malone T, Yalch MM, Mennenga SE, Ponté KL, Guss J, Bossis AP, Grigsby J, Fischer S, Ross S. Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer. J Psychopharmacol. 2020 Feb;34(2):155-166. doi: 10.1177/0269881119897615. Epub 2020 Jan 9. PMID: 31916890. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, Mennenga SE, Belser A, Kalliontzi K, Babb J, Su Z, Corby P, Schmidt BL. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;30(12):1165-1180. doi: 10.1177/0269881116675512. PMID: 27909164; PMCID: PMC5367551. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Carhart-Harris RL, Kaelen M, Bolstridge M, Williams TM, Williams LT, Underwood R, Feilding A, Nutt DJ. The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Psychol Med. 2016 May;46(7):1379-90. doi: 10.1017/S0033291715002901. Epub 2016 Feb 5. PMID: 26847689. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Johnson PS, Griffiths RR. An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use. J Psychopharmacol. 2017 Jul;31(7):841-850. doi: 10.1177/0269881116684335. Epub 2017 Jan 18. PMID: 28095732; PMCID: PMC6753943. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

Guardian News and Media. (2012, August 23). LSD could help alcoholics stop drinking, AA founder believed. The Guardian. Retrieved January 16, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/ aug/23/lsd-help-alcoholics-theory

Downloads

Published

2024-09-04

How to Cite

Psychedelic-assisted therapy: Magical thinking or a meaningful treatment for mental illness. (2024). UCC Student Medical Journal, 4, 109-112. https://doi.org/10.33178/SMJ.2024.1.13