Diversity and cultural differences in preeclampsia beliefs and management practices: a narrative review

Aqsa Shoaib

doi:10.33178/SMJ.2025.1.3

Authors

Aqsa Shoaib School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33178/SMJ.2025.1.3

Keywords:

preeclampsia, traditional medicine, maternal health, cultural factors, treatment, management, traditional Chinese medicine

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Effective management is critical to minimize maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia management practices vary widely across different cultural and geographical settings. This review explores the cultural differences in the beliefs and management of preeclampsia.

High income countries benefit from well-established diagnostic and treatment protocols however, low- and middle-income countries face challenges related to lack of knowledge, resources, and access to care. Cultural factors, including the use of traditional medicine and the influence of family decisions on healthcare, often delay receiving appropriate medical care. In some cultures, traditional birth attendants and community health workers are the primary antenatal carers, but their approaches can conflict with modern medical practices. By understanding these cultural influences in healthcare, it can improve maternal health outcomes.

This review emphasizes the need for culturally competent healthcare, improved training for healthcare workers, and the implementation of standardized protocols globally. By integrating culturally competent practices into maternal healthcare systems and addressing the structural barriers to care, healthcare providers can optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes for women with preeclampsia.

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